Much as I try to keep from getting repetitious, this was just too neat to pass up. This new music video for The Glitch Mob’s “Becoming Harmonious” is built around the standing Faraday waves that form on a water-filled subwoofer. The vibration patterns, along with judicious use of strobe lighting, produce some fantastic and kaleidoscopic effects. (Video credit: The Glitch Mob/Susi Sie; submitted by @krekr)
Category: Art
“High Ball Stepper”
The recently released music video for Jack White’s “High Ball Stepper” is a fantastic marriage of science and art. The audio is paired with visuals based around vibration effects using both granular materials and fluids. There are many examples of Faraday waves, the rippling patterns formed when a fluid interface becomes unstable under vibration. There are also cymatic patterns and even finger-like protrusions formed by when shear-thickening non-Newtonian fluids get agitated. (Video credit: J. White, B. Swank and J. Cathcart; submitted by Mike and Marius)
“Wallwave Vibration”
Loris Cecchini’s “Wallwave Vibration” series is strongly reminiscent of Faraday wave patterns. The Faraday instability occurs when a fluid interface (usually air-liquid though it can also be two immiscible liquids) is vibrated. Above a critical frequency, the flat interface becomes unstable and nonlinear standing waves form. If the excitation is strong enough, the instability can produce very chaotic behaviors, like tiny sprays of droplets or jets that shoot out like fountains. In a series of fluid-filled cells, the chaotic behaviors can even form synchronous effects above a certain vibration amplitude. (Image credit: L. Cecchini; submitted by buckitdrop)
“Demersal”
The ethereal shapes of inks and paints falling through water make fascinating subjects. Here the ink appears to rise because the photographs are upside-down. The fluid forms mushroom-like plumes and little vortex rings. The strands that split apart into tiny lace-like fingers are an example of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which occurs when a denser fluid sinks into a less dense one. Similar fingering can occur on much grander scales, as well, like in the Crab Nebula. These images come from photographer Luka Klikovac’s “Demersal” series. (Photo credit: L. Klikovac)
“Aurora”
This bulbous, ethereal shape is a spreading flame front captured by artist Fabian Oefner in his new “Aurora” series. Oefner used a few alcohol droplets in a glass vessel and ignited the volatile vapors, capturing the propagating flame. Take a look at it in action. Because the air inside the vessel is mostly still, the chemical reactions in the combustion occur much faster than the air’s motion. As a result, the flame spreads as a thin sheet instead of a uniform, widespread flame. The wrinkled and corrugated look of the flame front is due local turbulence distorting the flame. (Photo credit: F. Oefner)
Inksplosion
Chemical Bouillon are a trio of artists who use the chemistry of surface reactions to create abstract videos full of exploding and imploding droplets and colors. As chemicals react, local concentrations at the interface vary, which changes the local surface tension. These gradients drive flow from areas of low surface tension to those of higher surface tension. This is called the Marangoni effect – the same behavior that drives tears in a glass of wine. Chemical Bouillon have a whole YouTube channel dedicated to these kinds of videos, with everything from inks to ferrofluids. Be sure to take a look at some of their other videos and, if you like them, subscribe. (Video credit: Chemical Bouillon)
“Porgrave”
Artist Sandro Bocci uses macro imagery of fluids in his new piece “Porgrave” to create scenes reminiscent of celestial landscapes and the first moments of life. Surface tension, the Marangoni effect, and diffusion create pulsating motion in some frames whereas immiscible liquids form untouchable islands in others. “Porgrave” reminds me of work by Pery Burge and Julia Cuddy as well as sequences from films like 2001 and The Fountain, both of which created some of their effects with macro photography of fluids. Still images from “Porgrave” are available on Bocci’s site. (Video credit and submission: S. Bocci)
ETA: This article originally misprinted the artist’s name as “Sandro Bocchi” and has been updated with the correct spelling.
Frozen Bubbles
Snowflakes aren’t the only frozen crystals to play with outside in the winter. Photographer Angela Kelly recently posted a series of frozen soap bubbles made by her and her son. In temperatures well below freezing, the thin film of the soap bubble does not survive long before it begins to freeze. The bubbles do not freeze all at once; instead the frost creeps gradually across it. For bubbles sitting on a surface, the ice front expands upward, much the same as with a freezing water drop. Once frozen, the bubbles crack or rip when touched instead of melting and popping. (Photo credit: A. Kelly; via BoredPanda; submitted by jshoer)
Holiday Fluids: Snowflakes
Just about everyone wishes for a White Christmas, but even when that happens, it’s rare to get a good look at the beauty of individual snowflakes. Alexey Kljatov’s macro photography of snowflakes is simply stunning and highlights the incredible variety of forms snowflakes take. A snowflake forms when a water droplet freezes onto dust or other particles and grows as more water vapor freezes onto the initial crystal. The symmetry of the snowflakes, as with any crystal, comes from the internal order of its water molecules. The shape and features that form vary due to the local temperature and humidity level while vapor is freezing onto the crystal. Check out this handy graph showing which shapes form for various situations. Since snowflakes can encounter wildly different conditions on their path to the ground, it’s rare or next-to-impossible to find any two alike. Join us all this week at FYFD as we look at holiday-themed fluid dynamics. (Photo credit: A. Kljatov)
Vibrating Paint
Paint is probably the Internet’s second favorite non-Newtonian fluid to vibrate on a speaker–after oobleck, of course. And the Slow Mo Guys’ take on it does not disappoint: it’s bursting (literally?) with great fluid dynamics. It all starts at 1:53 when the less dense green paint starts dimpling due to the Faraday instability. Notice how the dimples and jets of fluid are all roughly equally spaced. When the vibration surpasses the green paint’s critical amplitude, jets sprout all over, ejecting droplets as they bounce. At 3:15, watch as a tiny yellow jet collapses into a cavity before the cavity’s collapse and the vibration combine to propel a jet much further outward. The macro shots are brilliant as well; watch for ligaments of paint breaking into droplets due to the surface-tension-driven Plateau-Rayleigh instability. (Video credit: The Slow Mo Guys)
