FYFD

Month: October 2014

  • Turbine Blade Separation

    [original media no longer available]

    Maintaining consistent air flow along the contours of an object is key to aerodynamic efficiency. When air flow separates or forms a recirculation zone, the drag increases and efficiency drops. On wind turbine blades, flow often separates on the root end of the blade near its attachment point. This behavior is apparent in the video above at 0:34. The tufts in the foreground on the turning blade flap and flutter with no clear pattern because the air flow has separated from the surface. In the subsequent clip, a line of vortex generators has been attached near the leading edge of the blade. These structures–also commonly seen on airplanes–trail vortices behind them, mixing the flow and generating a turbulent boundary layer which is better able to resist flow separation. The effect on the flow is clear from the tufts, most of which now point in a consistent direction with little to no fluttering, indicating that the air flow has remained attached. (Video credit: Smart Blade Gmbh/Technische Universität Berlin)

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  • Hovering

    Hovering

    Designer Eleanor Lutz used high-speed video of five different flying species to create this graphic illustrating the curves swept out in their wingbeats. The curves are constructed from 15 points per wingbeat and are intended more as art than science, but they’re a fantastic visualization of several important concepts in flapping flight. For example, note the directionality of the curves as a whole. If you imagine a vector perpendicular to the wing curves, you’ll notice that the bat, goose, and dragonfly would all have vectors pointing forward and slightly upward. In contrast, the moth and hummingbird would have vectors pointing almost entirely upward. This is because the moth and hummingbird are hovering, so their wing strokes are oriented so that the force produced balances their weight. The bat, goose, and dragonfly are all engaged in forward flight, so the aerodynamic force they generate is directed to counter their weight and to provide thrust. (Image credit: E. Lutz; via io9)

  • Featured Video Play Icon

    Bardarbunga Eruption

    I thought I was done with volcanoes for this week, but DJI’s aerial footage from Iceland’s Bardarbunga eruption is too fantastic not to share. The eruption is over a month old now and more than 25,000 earthquakes have been registered in Iceland since this eruption began. The lava field covers more than 46 square kilometers, and experts remain unsure how long the eruption will continue. The lava itself is a basalt, which is lower in viscosity than more silica-rich lava. This lower viscosity means that the gases dissolved in the rising magma can escape more easily, like carbon dioxide fizzing out of a soda. If the lava’s viscosity were higher, those dissolved gases would generate a more explosive eruption as they try to escape. (Video credit: DJI; via Wired)

  • Undulatus Asperatus

    Undulatus Asperatus

    This surrealistic timelapse doesn’t show an ocean in the sky. These are undulatus asperatus clouds rolling over Lincoln, Nebraska. Also known simply as asperatus, this cloud formation has been proposed as but not yet recognized as a distinctive cloud type. Their speed is much slower than shown in the animation, but the wave-like motion is accurate and is the source of the cloud’s name, which comes from the Latin word aspero, meaning to make rough. Though they appear stormy, asperatus clouds do not usually produce storms. They form under conditions similar to those of mammatus clouds, but wind shear at the cloud level causes the undulations to form. (Maybe some Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities going on there?) You can check out many more images of asperatus clouds at the Cloud Appreciation Society’s gallery. (Image credit: A. Schueth, source video; submitted by leftcoastjunkies)